Abstract:
The middle powers are in a complex regional and global position for strategic maneuvering
due to the growing rivalry between the great powers. In contrast to the extensive literature on the
competition of major powers, there is a limited number of comprehensive research devoted to the
implementation of the foreign policy strategies of the middle powers aimed at preserving strategic
autonomy. The analysis of Kazakhstan as a leading actor in Central Asia provides a broad assessment
of the understanding of strategically significant states in world politics. Consequently, the literature
review examines the elements of Kazakhstan's foreign policy, including diplomatic, economic and
security aspects. By employing the theoretical framework of Gideon Rose's neoclassical realism, the
study examines the internal factors of the state reflected in foreign policy. Comparative analysis of
Indonesia and South Korea reveals strategic approaches for global and regional strengthening. This
study examines the concept of balancing Kazakhstan's relations with China, the United States, and
Russia using qualitative methods, including a discursive analysis of expert conclusions. Primary
qualitative data in the form of 8 semi-structured interviews were collected from experts from
analytical centers, higher education institutions and international research institutes. Based on the
results obtained, the research revealed three main patterns of power imbalance in Kazakhstan’s foreign
policy: approaches to diplomatic interactions, evaluation of security autonomy and level of economic
reliance on major powers. Consequently, the relevance of the research is to consider the changing role
of medium-sized states in shaping the international order.
